Miami-Dade County Public Schools (M-DCPS) is a public school district serving Miami-Dade County, in the U.S. state of Florida. Founded in 1885, it is the largest school district in Florida and the Southeastern United States, and the fourth largest in the United States,[3] with a student enrollment of 380,006 as of July 5, 2010.[1]
The District is managed by the School Board of Miami-Dade County, which appoints a Superintendent to head the administrative portions of the district.[4] Alberto Carvalho has been the Superintendent since September 12, 2008.
Miami-Dade County Public Schools is also one of a few public school districts in the United States to offer optional International Studies Programs and bilingual education. Bilingual education is offered in Spanish, French, German, Haitian Creole, and Mandarin Chinese. M-DCPS is the only school district in Florida to offer bilingual education in Mandarin.
35% of MDCPS teachers are graduates of Florida International University.[5]
History
Beginnings (1800s)
The School Board of Miami-Dade County first met in Miami, Florida, June 27, 1885.[6] Those present at the first Board of Education meeting were Superintendent C.H. Lumm, and members of the Board, W.H. Benest, Joseph F. Frow, and Adam C. Richards.[7] The main order of business consisted of dividing the district, which at the time, spanned from current day Florida Keys to Martin County.[8] Superintendent and members divided Dade County into four districts. Lake Worth, Florida was declared District #1, while Miami, Florida became known as District #2.[8] Coconut Grove fell within the boundaries of District #3, with Elliott's Key, and all other islands or keys comprising District #4.[8]
The First Coconut Grove School, erected in 1887, served as both the religious and educational center of the pioneer community.[9] In 1889, the building was rented to the School Board for the purpose of servicing children in District #3.[10] First teachers at the First Coconut Grove Schoolhouse included Mrs. C.L. Trapp and Miss Flora McFarlane.[9] The first students in attendance included Annie and Harry Peacock. John Pent, James Pent, Trinnie Pent, Mary Pent, Lillian Frow, Grace Frow, Charlie Frow, and Joseph Frow.[10]
The First Coconut Grove Schoolhouse is a one-story, one-room, rectangular structure, built with a wood frame, and a gable roof, covered with shingles.[11] In 1970, the First Coconut Grove Schoolhouse was moved from its original location to its current home on the grounds of the Plymouth Congregational Church, at 3429 Devon Road, Coconut Grove, Florida, 33133.[10] The school was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.[11]
900s to 1930s
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The turn of the 20th century launched Miami and its school system into decades of growth. By 1924, the county lines had shifted with the creation of Broward, Palm Beach, Lee, and Hendry counties. Despite losing jurisdiction over many of its schools in just twenty years, the school system still boasted thirty-three separate schools and a student population of nearly 5,000.
Following the 1926 Miami Hurricane, many schools were destroyed. The hurricane ended the 1920s land boom in Miami, and ushered in the great depression to the area long before the actual market crash occurred in 1929. The crash forced many more schools not destroyed by the hurricane to be closed. Beginning in 1930 the school board faced its first overcrowding and funding problems.
In 1928, Miami Senior High, the district's first secondary school, moved into its fifth and current location. The building cost over $1 million to construct.
In 1926, the original Booker T. Washington Senior High School building opened in what is now the Overtown district. It was the only secondary black high school at the time in South Florida, having students from as far as Broward and Palm Beach counties attending the facilities.
In 1938, George Washington Carver Sr. High opened in Coral Gables, Florida for the black residents of Coconut Grove and Coral Gables area. Located there were its rival schools such as North Dade Sr. High, Dorsey Sr. High and Mays Sr. High.
1940s to 1970s
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World War II brought another population boom for Miami. Between 1945 and 1975, sixteen high schools, thirty middle schools, and forty-five grade schools were opened. Miami Edison Senior High School, the district's second all black secondary school, was expanded.
Miami Northwestern opened in 1951 to replace D. A. Dorsey, which was converted into a junior high until schools were desegregated. Dade County Public Schools found that it was not operable anymore as a secondary school, so it was turned into an adult educational center.
After desegregation, Bethune Elementary was converted into a head-start school.
In 1957, North Dade Jr./Sr. High School Home of the Thunderbirds, opened for grades seven through tenth grades. As the years progressed, the grades went higher until 1960, North Dade's graduated its first class. After class of 1966, its status become Jr. High and it has been that way since Jr. High Schools were phased out. Also in this year, Miami Dade Schools opened positions of Security Assistant was established, this would later evolve into the Miami-Dade Public Schools Police Department (Florida).
On the morning of September 7, 1959, 25 African-American students stepped onto the grounds of Orchard Villa Elementary School and Air Base Elementary schools officially ending segregation within the school system. By the end of the academic year, nearly half the schools in the county had been desegregated when parents were given the option of enrolling their children in any school in the district, providing the child would have the proper transportation. Despite this law, many schools in Dade County did not become fully integrated until the late 1960s.
In 1961 the school system started a "Spanish for Spanish" program. With help from the Ford Foundation, they modified the program into a full bilingual education curriculum, with a pilot program at Coral Way Elementary School. The program was successful and later paved the way for the Bilingual Education Act of 1968.
Beginning in 1962, Dade County schools began to receive its first influx of Hispanic students, mainly from Cuba. This event was very significant in shaping the school system to what it is today.
In 1975, school boundaries were created, forcing students to attend the schools located within their area. This law allowed for any student to attend the school located closest to them, regardless of race or ethnicity.
School populations had flourished throughout most of the 1960s and '70s, but in the late '70s, a teacher walk-out forced a sudden drop in school population; ending rampant overcrowding, and forcing the closing of 11 schools. The sudden drop didn't last very long, as students that had left the school system for private schools began to return by the mid-1980s.
1980s to 1990s
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Throughout the 1980s, the school district received merits for expertly assimilating wave after wave of new immigrants, particularly children from Nicaragua and Haiti, and from Cuba's Mariel Boatlift. It was highly regarded for its handling in displacing students after the 1982 Miami riot, in which 14 schools were badly damaged due to fire and vandalism.
In 1986, the district started the first International Studies Magnet Program at Sunset Elementary School, one of the first International Studies Program in the U.S. and the winner of the prestigious 2008 Goldman Sachs Prize for Excellence in International Education, focusing on implementing a challenging curriculum in Spanish, French, and German, in addition to English. The challenging world language curriculum is fully accredited by the Governments of Spain, France, and Germany, and is implemented through comprehensive agreements between the Ministries of Education of the partner countries and Miami-Dade County Public Schools. The district, through the International Studies Magnet Program at Sunset Elementary School, started to produce bicultural, bilingual and biliterate students in English and a choice of Spanish, French, or German.
Following Hurricane Andrew in 1992, Dade County was commended for its quick action at rebuilding and reopening schools. Most schools had reopened within two weeks of the storm, and students that attended schools that had been completely destroyed were quickly displaced with free and efficient bus transportation. The district also used funding from the disaster to redo its entire curriculum, adding sex education to elementary schools, and foreign language programs to middle schools. It also opened fully funded magnet schools such as Coral Reef High School and Southwood Middle School which take in students from all over the county based on school performance (some schools are partial magnets, which also take in children from surrounding neighborhoods, while some are full magnets that only take in children based on merit). The district also re-opened Coral Way Elementary as its first bilingual school, which teaches its curriculum in both English and Spanish.
In 1996, the school board revamped itself under pressure to boost minority representation, expanding from seven to nine members, all elected for the first time from single member districts. Due to this, the number of black members doubled, and the number of Hispanic members quadrupled. The school board also began a new program to create K–8 Centers as a way of relieving overcrowding in middle schools.
In 1997, Dade County formally changed its name to Miami-Dade County, and the school board subsequently changed its name as well.
2000s to 2010s
The early 21st century was characterized by the widespread adoption of information technology for everyday use by classroom teachers, students, and parents. One noteworthy process was the phased introduction of the Excelsior Software's Electronic Gradebook,[12] Riverdeep software,[13] BrainPOP, TeenBiz and FCAT Explorer. During the 2010s,Edmodo was also phased into the classrooms of Miami-Dade.[14]
School population became a problem yet again in the early 21st century,[15] with schools such as G. Holmes Braddock High School, Barbara Goleman High School, and Miami Springs High School reaching student populations of over 4,500. The sudden influx in student population has forced the school system to build and open nearly 40 new schools in many parts of the county – an ongoing project today.[citation needed]
In October 2001, Deputy Superintendent Henry Fraind retired under pressure after it was discovered that a clique of longtime administrators and powerful outsiders exploited the district's vast resources.[16] Fraind got his Ph.D. from Pacific Western University (Hawaii) in 1982, a noted diploma mill.[16]
Beginning April 26, 2004, under then new superintendent Dr. Rudy Crew, the school year was started three weeks earlier in order to synchronize the school district with the rest of the state.[17] Until this point, Miami-Dade County Schools was the only district whose students began school the last week of August rather than the first. This measure was also implemented to allow schools more time to ready themselves for the state's FCAT exam.[18]
In accordance with measures set forth by the State, schools that were graded as a D or F on the FCAT the previous academic year were put on an academic probation by the school board, giving the administration three years to bring the school's grade up to a C or higher before taking drastic measures, such as firing all teachers and administrators or removing funding for extracurricular activities.
In September 2008, the school board bought out Dr. Rudy Crew's contract with the district due to mismanaging the budget and his relations with other board members.[19] He was replaced with Alberto Carvalho, who has been with the school system from being a science teacher.
The school district is currently being monitored by the Florida Department of Education due to extremely low monetary reserves. Since Alberto Carvalho's appointment reserves have increased from 0.5% to 1.3% of the operating budget, however, this is well below the 5% recommended practice.
In the early 2010s, a larger emphasis on advanced education and magnet programs was made. New magnet schools and programs were opened during this time.[20] Schools that were already opened also made the decision to introduce magnet programs within the school, such as HML's iPrep Academy, and some schools decided to rebrand themselves as full-on magnet schools, such as José Martí Middle becoming José Martí MAST 6-12 Academy.[21] In 2013, 100 new programs, including 49 iPrep Academys, were opened.[20]
In 2013, the state of Florida announced they would replace the FCAT statewide with Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers (PARCC) exams.[22] The PARCC exams are planned for introduction during the 2014-2015 school year.[23] Concerns over PARCC being brought up include longer testing times. In comparison to the FCAT's 12-day testing window, PARCC would be spread-out over 20 days.[24] PARCC also has concerns over the fact that it has "not yet," as of 2013, been "developed, designed, nor tested."[24]
Superintendent of Schools
- Rudy Crew (2004-2008)
- Mr. Alberto M. Carvalho (2008–present)[25]
School Board members
- Dr. Wilbert "Tee" Holloway – District 1 [4]
- Dr. Dorothy Bendross-Mindingall District 2
- Dr. Martin S. Karp – District 3
- Ms. Perla Tabares Hantman – (Chairman) District 4
- Ms. Susie V. Castillo – District 5
- Ms. Raquel Regalado – District 6
- Ms. Lubby Navarro – District 7
- Dr. Marta Pérez – – District 8
- Dr. Lawrence S. Feldman – (Vice-Chairman) District 9
Student enrollment
The student enrollment of Miami-Dade County Public Schools as of October 5, 2012 is 346,397 total students.[1]
The breakdown of students are shown below.
- Active students: 346,397
- Pre-K students: 7,344
- Part-time Students: 720
- Current adult/vocational students: 30,250
- Co-enrolled high school: 5,031
Pre-K : 1,773
Kindergarten :25,875
Grade 1 : 26,450
Grade 2 : 26,043
Grade 3 : 27,101
Grade 4 : 25,615
Grade 5 : 25,759
Grade 6 : 26,584
Grade 7 : 27,245
Grade 8 : 27,457
Grade 9 : 28,093
Grade 10 :27,683
Grade 11 :25,875
Grade 12 :24,844
The district is also the second-largest minority-majority public school system in the country. As of 2012, 62% of MDCPS students were of Hispanic origin (of any race), 25% Black, 10% Non-Hispanic White, 3% other and multiracial. Of the students enrolled in MDCPS, 54% spoke Spanish at home, 5% spoke Haitian Creole, and less than 1% spoke Frenchand Portuguese at home. 45% of students were enrolled in bilingual Spanish language programs, and an additional 23% were enrolled in other bilingual programs in French, German, Italian, Mandarin, Portuguese, and Haitian Creole.[26]
Schools
List
Main article: List of Miami-Dade County Public Schools
School rankings
U.S. News and World Report
The following MDCPS high schools were ranked in U.S. News and World Report's annual "America's Best High Schools" rankings:[27]
| National Ranking | Top 200 public high schools in the United States[28] | |||
| 2012 | 2009 | High school | Enrollment | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16 | 15 | Design and Architecture Senior High School (DASH) | 483 | Design District, Miami, FL |
| 26 | NR | Young Women's Preparatory Academy | 304 | Little Havana, Miami, FL |
| 50 | NR | International Studies Charter High School | 304 | Little Havana, Miami, FL |
| 73 | 66 | Maritime and Science Tech High School (MAST) | 550 | Virginia Key, Miami, FL |
| 131 | 95 | Coral Reef Senior High School | 3,007 | Richmond Heights, Unincorporated Miami-Dade county, FL |
| 183 | NR | Doral Performing Arts and Entertainment Academy | 104 | Doral, FL |
| 186 | 82 | New World School of the Arts | 489 | Downtown, Miami, FL |
| Florida Ranking [28] | Top 50 public high schools in Florida | |
| 2012 | High school | Location |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Design and Architecture Senior High School (DASH) | Design District, Miami, FL |
| 2 | Young Women's Preparatory Academy | Little Havana, Miami, FL |
| 7 | International Studies Charter High School | Little Havana, Miami, FL |
| 11 | Maritime and Science Tech High School (MAST) | Virginia Key, Miami, FL |
| 15 | Coral Reef Senior High School | Richmond Heights, Unincorporated Miami-Dade county, FL |
| 16 | Doral Performing Arts and Entertainment Academy | Doral, FL |
| 17 | New World School of the Arts | Downtown, FL |
| 28 | Miami Beach Senior High School | South Beach, Miami Beach, FL |
| 43 | Mater Academy East High School | Little Havana, Miami, FL |
| 47 | Doral Academy High School | Doral, FL |
| National Ranking | Top 10 U.S. magnet high schools | Location |
|---|---|---|
| 2 (2009) | Design and Architecture Senior High School (DASH) | Design District, Miami, FL |
Newsweek
In 2011, Newsweek's rankings of the 500 Best High Schools in America, eight MDCPS schools were ranked:
| National Ranking | High school | Enrollment | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28. (4th in Florida) | School for Advanced Studies | 525 | North, South, Wolfson and Homestead campuses, at Miami Dade College, Miami-Dade county, FL |
| 46. (7th in Florida) | Maritime and Science Tech High School (MAST) | 550 | Virginia Key, Miami, FL |
| 53. | Coral Reef Senior High School | 3,007 | Richmond Heights, Unincorporated Miami-Dade county, FL |
| 251. | Miami Palmetto Senior High School | 4,093 | Pinecrest, FL |
| 374. | Doctors Charter School of Miami Shores | 525 | Miami Shores, FL |
| 404. | Mater Academy Charter School | 4,000 | Hialeah Gardens, FL |
| 427. | Mater Academy Lakes High School | 2,000 | Unincorporated Miami-Dade county, FL |
| 456. | Doral Academy Charter High School | 2,000 | Doral, FL |
Broadcasting
MDCPS also owns and operates WLRN-TV (Channel 17), a PBS member television station, and WLRN-FM (91.3 FM), an NPR member radio station.
Notable employees
- Tombi Bell (1979-): Bell played for the Florida Gators from 1997 to 2001, and was drafted by the Minnesota Lynx in the 2001 WNBA Draft.[29][30] As of 2013, she is a physical education teacher at José Martí MAST 6-12 Academy.[31]
- Hyman "Hank" Bergman (1919–2010): Bergman taught 6th grade at Fienberg–Fisher Elementary School for 30 years. Bergman was a war hero in World War II. A "Blue Devil" with the U.S. Army's 88th Infantry Division. He was awarded the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, the Combat Infantryman Badge, and the European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with 4-Bronze Battle Stars.[32]
- Sherman Bergman (1958– ): Bergman taught ESOL for 30 years. Bergman is a former Golden Glove boxer and professional kickboxer. Bergman is credited as being the only fighter to have knocked down Jean-Claude Van Damme in a sanctioned full-contact karate match.[33] He also fought World Lightheavyweight Kickboxing Champion Gary Daniels. In amateur boxing, Bergman fought Mickey Rourke. Bergman's kickboxing record was 56-8-1 with 56 knockout wins. Also, Bergman was a sparring partner for World Heavyweight Boxing Champion Ken Norton. Bergman is the son of World War II war hero Hank Bergman.
- Melton Bowen (1969-): Bowen was a school security guard. He was a professional heavyweight boxer and a Mixed Martial Arts fighter. Bowen fought World Heavyweight Boxing Champions Shannon Briggs and Tony Tubbs, and UFC World Heavyweight Champion Steve Jenum. Bowen had a professional boxing record of 35-9-0 with 28 knockout wins, and was a one-time heavyweight champion.[34][35]
- Lois Brooks (Date of birth unavailable): Brooks taught ESOL for Adult & Vocational Education for Miami-Dade County Public Schools at Fienberg-Fisher Adult and Community Education Center in 2003. Brooks appeared on the T.V. show, This is Your Life in 1954. In 1965, she starred in the cult film, Monster a-Go-Go.[36]
- William Conroy (Date of birth unavailable): Conroy taught ESOL and Citizenship classes for Adult and Vocational Education at Fienberg-Fisher Adult Education Center. Conroy was a noted movie extra who appeared in over 25 films; mostly in Italy during the 1960s.[37]
- Jay W. Jensen (1931-2007): Jensen taught drama at Miami Beach Senior High School for 32 years. Jensen's students included movie stars Mickey Rourke and Andy Garcia.[38] Jensen was also an actor who appeared in 27 films from 1958–2006.
- Lizbet Martinez (1982-): As of 2013, Martinez is teaching music and language arts at M.A. Milam K-8 Center.[39] Martinez became famous after playing "The Star Spangled Banner on her violin when the U.S. Coast Guard picked her and her family out of a raft in 1994.[40]
- Jose "Nino" Ribalta (1963-): School security guard. In 2013 was working at Fienberg-Fischer Elementary School. Former world heavyweight boxing contender who fought 11 world heavyweight champions: Mike Tyson, Vitali Klitschko, Larry Holmes, Leon Spinks, Tony Tubbs, Tim Witherspoon, Michael Dokes, Frank Bruno, Bruce Seldon, Chris Byrd, and "Bonecrusher" James Smith.[41] Professional boxing record was 38-17-1, with 27 knockout wins. In 2014, Ribalta was inducted into the Florida Boxing Hall of Fame.
- Carl Starling (1944–): Starling taught ESOL and counciled for 20 years. Starling is a former professional middleweight boxer who was undefeated in his first 15 matches and fought two world boxing champions. Starling was a sparring partner for 3-time World Heavyweight Champion Muhammad Ali and WBA World Heavyweight Champion Jimmy Ellis. Starling had an exhibition with World Heavyweight Champion Jimmy Ellis.[42] Starling also lost to World Junior Middleweight Champion Elisha Obed. Starling's record was 19-5-1 with 10 knockout wins. In 2013, Starling was documented plunging and diving.[43]
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